Libyan actors

On 22 December, an armed group linked with drug trafficking attempted to assassinate Deputy Minister of Interior, Faraj Qaim, in Tobruk following an...

On 22 December, the High National Elections Commission (HNEC) issued a formal statement delaying the first round of the presidential elections past...

On 22 December, an armed group linked with drug trafficking attempted to assassinate Deputy Minister of Interior, Faraj Qaim, in Tobruk following an...

On 20 December, the National Oil Corporation (NOC) confirmed that production from Sharara, al-Feel, Hamada and Wafa oil fields had been shut down by...

On 15 December, the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA) led by Abdul-Ghani al-Kikli (Ghneiwa) and the 777 Brigade led by Haithem Tajouri, undertook a...

On 15 December, the Misratan armed group leader Salah Badi, Commander of the al-Samoud Brigade, releasing a series of anti-election video statements...

On 15 December, the head of the Presidential Council, Mohammed Menfi, dismissed the Commander of the Tripoli Military Zone, Abdul Baset Marwan, from...

On 13 December, clashes broke out in Sebha between the Libyan National Army (LNA)’s 115 Brigade and Tariq Bin Ziyad Brigade (TBZ) on one side, and...

On 11 December, the Government of National Unity (GNU) Chief of Staff, Mohammed Haddad, met with the Acting Commander of the Libyan National Army...

On 6 December, units from the Libyan National Army's (LNA) 106 Brigade were reportedly deployed to Awbari.

On 2 December, the High National Elections Commission (HNEC) stated that four of its electoral centres in Aziziya and one in Tripoli had been...

On 1 December, the Government of National Unity (GNU) Minister of Interior Khaled Mazen and the Minister of Justice Halima Abdurrahman released a...

On 26 November, Government of National Unity (GNU) Minister of Interior Khaled Mazen stated that all efforts to secure national elections were going...

On 26 November, reports circulated that Zawiyya-based armed groups and the Warshefana 55 Battalion had mobilised and were pushing reinforcements to...

On 23 November, the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA) opened a western branch in the Syad neighbourhood of Tripoli, ‘to strengthen the rule of law...

On 22 November, reports emerged that the Libyan National Army’s (LNA) 106 Brigade had initiated a search and arrest operation for Saif al-Islam...

On 21 November, the National Oil Corporation (NOC) issued a statement insisting that rumours that there were clashes at the NOC HQ were unfounded....

On 18 November, following a meeting between Government of National Unity (GNU) Prime Minister Abdul Hameed Dabaiba and the Brega Petroleum Marketing...

On 14 – 16 November, armed groups in Misrata, Zawiyya, Zintan, Zliten and Khoms, as well as other western towns, protested against Saif’s candidacy....

On 11 November, the GNU’s Ministry of Justice aligned Judicial Police Agency and the Narcotics Control Force aligned to the GNU’s Ministry of...

On 9 November, 22 leaders of the Volcano of Rage Operation (VoR) - the western-based military umbrella under which many GNA-aligned armed groups...

Last week, reports surfaced that the Libya National Army (LNA) had deployed additional ground forces from Jufra to Sebha, including Sudanese...

On 6 November, clashes broke out in Warshafana between Muammar al-Dawi’s 55 Battalion and the Ramzi al-Lafaa Brigade. The clashes were sparked when...

On 4 November, clashes broke out in the Jadda'im area of Zawiyya between armed groups aligned to the Isnad Support Force of the Zawiyya Security...

On 2 November, unidentifed armed groups reportedly closed the Misurata-Sirte road at Abu Grein. They were reportedly demanding the payment of dues...

On 28 October, a number of heads of eastern security directorates declared they will only follow orders from Qaim, and not the Tripoli-based...

On 27 October, an unidentified armed group stormed the Ministry of Sport in Tripoli. According to a ministry statement, an ‘illegal force’...

On 27 October, an armed group affiliated to the 444 Brigade launched a failed attempt to kidnap the Commander of the Tripoli Military Zone, Abdul...

On the evening of 25 October and throughout the morning of 26 October, there were clashes in Zawiyya between the First Division (Esnad) (also known...

On 24 October, the 777 Brigade, led by Haithem Tajouri, along with the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA) led by Abdul-Ghani al-Kikli (Ghinaywa)...

On 23 October, the Government of National Unity (GNU) Ministry of Labour and Rehabilitation launched its Disarmament, Demobilization and...

On 15 October, one person was reportedly killed and several injured during clashes between the Habouni and Al-Ashibi tribes in Al- Zohour...

On 13 October, the Libyan National Army (LNA)’s Tariq Bin Zayid (TBZ) battalion undertook an operation against LNA-aligned units stationed in...

On 12 October, an unidentified armed group allegedly affiliated with GNU Prime Minister Abdul Hameed Dabaiba reportedly kidnapped Major General...

On 8 October, the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) concluded a three-day meeting in Geneva by signing a comprehensive Action Plan ‘for the...

On the evening of 8 October, clashes broke out between 301 Battalion and the Security Directorate Support Force (SDSF) in the Airport Road...

On 7 October, the Western Military Region Joint Force under the command of Usama Juwaili and the General Security Services led by Emad Trabelsi...

On 1 October, a migrant was killed and at least 15 others injured, six seriously, when the Government of National Unity (GNU) Ministry of Interior,...

On 30 September, the Libyan Army’s Joint Operations Room for the Western Military Region, headed by Osama Juweili met with the head of head of the...

On 29 September, it was reported that the members of the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) had agreed on the need for the withdrawal of all...

On 27 September, a further five bodies were exhumed from the mass graves in Tarhuna.

On 22 September, the head of the Libyan National Army (LNA), Khalifa Haftar, declared that he would be temporarily suspending his role as its leader...

On 21 September, Tripoli's Nawasi Brigade brokered a meeting between the 444 Brigade and the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA) to resolve tensions...

On 19 September, two Libyan National Army (LNA) helicopters collided during a military mission, causing one of the helicopters to crash near Zawiyat...

On 15 September, the Mayor of Al-Andalus district in Tripoli, Mohamed Al-Fattisi, was reportedly kidnapped by unknown gunmen.

On 15 September, reports surfaced that in Tripoli a member of the 444 Brigade had fired an RPG (rocket-propelled grenade) at a member of the 777...

On 11 September, the Libyan National Army (LNA) issued a decree disbanding the LNA-aligned 116 Brigade under the command of Masoud Jeddi and...

On 8 September, members of the Government of National Unity (GNU) Ministry of Defence -aligned 444 Brigade reportedly arrested guards from the GNU...

On 6 September, clashes were reported in Zawiyya’s al-Fasi district between armed groups. Reports indicate the fighting was intense, with extended...

On 3 September at approximately 3am local time, the 444 Brigade, which is aligned with the Government of National Unity (GNU) Ministry of Defence...

On 3 September, the Commander of the Tripoli Military Zone, Abdul Baset Marwan, released a video statement blaming the 444 Brigade for its ‘failure...

On 31 August, clashes broke out at the headquarters of the Administrative Control Authority (ACA) in Tripoli after the Deputy Head of the ACA was...

On 26 August, intermittent clashes broke out in Zawiyya following the drive-by shooting earlier in the day at Omar al-Mukhtar junction between...

On 24 August, after several months of unannounced communication Saddam Haftar, son of Libyan National Army (LNA) commander Khalifa Haftar, and the...

On 23 August, the Libyan National Army (LNA) announced that it had released 17 detainees from western armed groups, having captured them during the...

This week, there have been a series of mobilisations in and around the strategic town of al-Shuwayrif in south-western Libya by Libyan National Army...

On 18 August, GNU Prime Minister Abdul Hameed Dabaiba, met with members of the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC), including Major General Abu...

On 15 August, the Presidential Council announced the creation of the ‘West Coast Military Zone’ and appointed former GNA Minister of Defence, Salah...

On 14 August, the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) met in Sirte for their seventh meeting, concluding with a statement calling on the Government...

On 11 August, the GNU Military Prosecutor, Mohammed Gharouda's, order for Saif al-Islam al-Qadhafi, the son of the former dictator Muammar...

On 9 August, the head of the Libyan National Army (LNA), Khalifa Haftar, made a series of significant appointments, reshuffling the LNA General...

On 4 August, Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity (GNU, Abdul Hameed Dabaiba met with the ‘Committee for Organising, Absorbing and...

On 4 August, the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) issued a statement condemning ‘hostile acts’ aiming to undermine stability along the...

On 3 August, Government of National Unity (GNU) Foreign Minister, Najla al-Mangoush, met with Khairi al-Tamimi, the Director of the Office of Libyan...

On 30 July, the 5+5 Joint Military Committee (5+5 JMC) declared that the coastal road between Misrata and Sirte had reopened for non-military...

On 29 July, armed clashes broke out in al-Mayah (29km west of Tripoli) and Zawiyya between the Isnad Support Force of the Zawiyya Security...

On 27 July, local Libyan media reported that the commander of the LNA-aligned 9th Brigade (also known as the Kaniyat militia) Mohammed al-Kani was...

On 25 July, the GNU Ministry of Health declared a public health state of emergency due to the rampant spread of the Covid-19 virus, calling for...

On 22 July, clashes broke out in Tripoli between the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA), led by Abdul Ghani al-Kikli, also known as ‘Ghinaywa’, and...

On 19 July, the GNU Chief of Staff, Mohammed Haddad, issued a decision to create a new brigade in Tajoura under the command of the GNU that would...

On 15 July, local reporting claimed that the Libyan National Army (LNA) 128 Battalion had mobilised some of its forces to al-Shuwayrif.

On 13 July, the Government of National Unity (GNU) Prime Minister Abdul Hameed Dabaiba, issued a decree to establish a joint security operations...

On 27 April, the GNU Prime Minister stated that the GNU intends to return to Benghazi soon. On 30 April, the HCS rejected the list of candidates presented by the HoR for Libya’s semi-sovereign institutions. On 2 May, Libya’s Muslim Brotherhood announced that it has become an NGO under the name ‘Revival and Renewal’.

On 21 April, Libya’s PC ordered all military units in southern Libya to report for duty and be on emergency alert. On 25 April, the advance security for the GNU’s delegation to Benghazi was prevented from landing at Benina airport.

On 12 April, the 444th Combat Brigade announced it had closed 11 militia headquarters in Tripoli. On 14 April, clashes broke out between members of the Kani militia and the LNA’s 166 Brigade. On 16 April, members of Abdul Ghani al-Kikli’s armed group abducted seven members of the Judicial Police.

On 11 April, Abdul Rahman Milad, better known as ‘al-Bija’, was acquitted of involvement in human smuggling and fuel smuggling.

On 31 March, 120 LNA prisoners who were captured in April 2019, were released from prison in Zawiyya. On 31 March, the GNU Prime Minister held his first meeting in his capacity as interim Minister of Defence with the directors of the Ministry of Defence. On 5 April, Haftar hosted the first meeting of a new forum for ‘armed forces officers’ at the LNA HQ in Rajma. On 5 April, the Vice-President of Libya’s Presidential Council announced the creation of a High National Reconciliation Commission.

On 24 March, a commander in the LNA’s Saiqa Battalion, Mahmoud Werfalli, was killed in Benghazi. On 29 March, Mohammed Salem, a prominent commander in the al-Samoud Brigade, was killed in Karimiyya.

On 18 March, sources reported unrest in Abu Salim and the deployment of armoured vehicles and technicals by the SSA. On 18 March the GNU Prime Minister ordered an investigation after a number of bodies were discovered in Benghazi. On 23 March, the eastern parallel government handed over power to the new GNU.

On 9 March, the TPF militia called on the HoR to pass a vote of confidence in the cabinet list presented by Dabaiba. On 11-12 March, armed groups exchanged fire in Tripoli. On 14 March, clashes occurred at a checkpoint in Bani Walid between the 444 Brigade and armed civilians. On 15–16 March, the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) met to discuss progress on the military track of the peace process.

On 4 March, the Tripoli headquarters of the Administrative Control Authority was attacked by an armed group. On 10 March, the HoR passed a vote of confidence in the cabinet presented by Prime Minister designate, Abdul Hameed Dabaiba.

On 28 February, AFP stated that a report submitted to the UNSC Sanctions Committee contains details of the alleged attempts at bribery that shook the LPDF. On 27 February, the GNA issued arrest warrants against those accused of mass killings in Tarhouna. On 1 March, the Tripoli Primary Prosecution Office declared that the incident in Janzour involving Fathi Bashaagha, was a ‘traffic accident’. On 2 March, fighters led by Mahmoud al-Werfalli reportedly attacked a Toyota car dealership in Benghazi and threatened to kill the company’s director.

Violence occurred at celebrations to mark the 17 February 2011 uprisings in Sebha and Sirte. On 16 February, during patrols near Ghadduwah a mass grave was uncovered of individuals believed to have been killed by ISIS. On 17 February, the LNA 166 Brigade reportedly killed a member of the Sirte Criminal Investigations Department. On 21 February, there was an alleged assassination attempt on GNA MoI Fathi Bashaagha.

On 11 February, the new President of the PC embarked on a tour of eastern Libya. On 13 February, reports circulated about the arrest of Khalid Bu Lugaib, a prominent militia leader. On 13 February, the Misrata Third Force closed the Dafniyya gate. On 15 February, the new Prime Minister designate, confirmed that his cabinet will be ready before the 21-day deadline for forming the government.

On 2 February, armed groups clashed near the Uqba Bin Nafi School in Sirte, resulting in at least two injuries.

On 28 January, tensions boiled over between Emad Trabelsi’s General Security Force (GSF) and the Special Deterrence Force (Rada). On 26 January, clashes occurred between the 55 Battalion, aligned with the GNA Ministry of Defence, and the 3 Unit, aligned with the GNA Ministry of Interior. On 29 January, reports in local Libyan media claimed that the UN-mediated 5+5 Joint Military Committee (JMC) would hold its second meeting in Sirte on 4 February.

On 19-20 January, representatives from the HoR and the HCS met in Egypt and agreed to hold a referendum on a constitutional proposal before the national elections scheduled for 24 December 2021. On 23 January, delegations from the HoR and HCS also met in Morocco, to discuss the implementation of some sort of “power sharing” agreement between Libya’s regions. On 23 January, a senior GNA military delegation met with the Chadian president to discuss organised crime, terrorism, and illegal immigration. On 24 January, the GNA Ministry of Interior deployed forces to Tarhouna following riots and destruction of property.

On 12 January, the GNA’s Defence Minister reportedly sign so-called ‘code of honour’ agreement with the GNA’s Chief of Staff, and the commanders of the GNA’s western, central and Tripoli military zones. This step is meant to quiet otherwise rising intra-Tripolitanian militia tensions. On 18 January, the Head of the GNA appointed the leaders of the ‘Stability Support Apparatus’, a new entity to undertake operations related to national security issues.

On 8 January, the GNA Minister of Interior announced the launch of Operation ‘Snake Hunting’ to target militants and human smugglers in Libya’s western region. On 9 January, senior figures in western Libya issued a joint statement reiterating their support for a new transitional National Unity Government to prepare the national elections planned for 24 December 2021.

On 29 December, the HoR-aligned government in eastern Libya temporarily appointed a new chief for the Internal Security Department, Brigadier General Muhammed Hassan Kamil al-Tarhouni. On 31 December, the GNA issued a decree allocating 1 billion LYD to its Ministry of Defence. On 3 January, armed skirmishes occurred in Sebha between the LNA and GNA-aligned forces. On 3 January, a Madkhali armed group attacked a cemetery in Surman.

On 24 December, Haftar called on Libyans to take up arms to remove Turkish forces from Libyan soil. On 23 December both the GNA and the LNA issued statements accusing each other of mobilising on the Sirte-Jufra frontline. On 25 December, GNA-aligned forces and the LNA conducted a prisoner exchange.

On 14 December, clashes occurred between the Sirte Military Police and the LNA’s 128 Brigade. On 15 December, UNSMIL confirmed that the LPDF is unable to agree on a new Libyan transitional executive authority. On 16 December, the GNA Minister of Defence announced he had formed a committee to follow up on LNA ‘war crimes’.

On 11 December, the GNA Defence Minister claimed in an interview that the LNA had violated its ceasefire agreement with the GNA. On 12 December, the ‘former’ commander of the TRB, Haithem Tajouri, returned to Libya. On 14 December, 32 members of the LPDF threatened to resign.

Over the last week, the LNA strengthened its defenses and mobilized troops, particularly on the Sirte-Jufra axis. On 5 December, the Libyan Revolutionaries Leadership Gathering held a conference in Zawiyya where it ‘urged all Libyan authorities to work toward activating the role of the Libyan National Guard’. On 6 December, the LNA issued a decree calling on its troops on the Sirte-Jufra frontlines to assume ‘a state of readiness.’. On the same day, the LNA mobilised in preparation to capture a military camp in Ubari. On 8 December, LNA forces detained a Turkish ship, which was apparently transporting medical products to Misrata port.

On 25 November, Acting Head of UNSMIL, Stephanie Williams convened the third round of virtual meetings of the LPDF. From 23 – 28 November, more than 120 deputies from the HoR, HCS, and the boycotting Tripoli-based HoR met in Tangier, Morocco. On 26 November, a European tracking system recorded that military aircraft from Turkey landing at the al-Watiya Air Base.

On 23 November, a new virtual round of the UN-led Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF) began. On 22 November, representatives from both the Tripoli-based and Tubruq-based House of Representatives (HoR) travelled to Tangier, Morocco. On 18 November, head of the Audit Bureau, Shakshak, referred the head of the GNA al-Serraj to the Public Prosecutor. On 18 November, the GNA’s Volcano of Rage said that Wagner mercenaries and Sudanese Janjaweed forces were still ‘flooding into’ Sirte.

On 10 November, female lawyer and human rights activist Hanan al-Baraasi was shot dead in Benghazi. On 11 November, the GNA’s MFA announced that Libya’s borders with Tunisia would be reopening on 14 November. On 12 November, the participants of the 5+5 JMC dialogues, announced that they would ‘immediately’ reopen the main coastal road. On 14 November, the Libyan Airports Authority held a meeting with Turkey’s al-Bayrak Group to discuss plans for the development of a Misrata International Airport. On 15 November, LNA commander Haftar issued a decree appointing Major General Abdussalam al-Hassi as commander of the Benghazi-based LNA Special Forces.

On 4 November, LNA Commander Haftar reportedly launched an operation in Benghazi to expand joint security cooperation. Also, on 4 November, clashes erupted in Tarhouna. On 5 November, the military spokesman of the GNA, Dara, claimed the presence of Russian Wagner mercenaries in Sirte. The same day, it was reported that Turkish troops would remain in Libya for as long as the GNA wishes. On 6 November, several citizens arriving at Tripoli’s Mitiga airport from Benina Airport in Benghazi were arrested on charges of taking part in the 2019 attack on Tripoli.

On 2 November, delegations from the GNA and LNA met in Ghadames to conduct the fifth round of talks within the framework of the 5+5 JMC. On 30 October, a spokesperson for the GNA, al-Zaklai, announced that GNA Prime Minister al-Serraj had taken back his decision to resign.

On 23 October, delegations from the GNA and LNA signed a ceasefire agreement. On the same day, the first commercial passenger flight from Tripoli landed at Benghazi’s Benina airport. On 20 October, GNA Commander of the Sirte-Jufra Operations Room, Beit al-Mal, called upon the head of the GNA, al-Serraj, to remove Libyan Media Foundation chief Bayou from his office. On 21 October, Sabratha armed forces clashed with the al-Shalfouh militia from Ajalat. On 24 October, spokesperson for the GNA Volcano of Rage Operation, Qananou, urged UNSMIL to send monitoring teams to Sirte, Jufra and Brak al-Shati airbase.