Libyan actors

On 4 March, the Tripoli headquarters of the Administrative Control Authority was attacked by an armed group. On 10 March, the HoR passed a vote of confidence in the cabinet presented by Prime Minister designate, Abdul Hameed Dabaiba.

On 28 February, AFP stated that a report submitted to the UNSC Sanctions Committee contains details of the alleged attempts at bribery that shook the LPDF. On 27 February, the GNA issued arrest warrants against those accused of mass killings in Tarhouna. On 1 March, the Tripoli Primary Prosecution Office declared that the incident in Janzour involving Fathi Bashaagha, was a ‘traffic accident’. On 2 March, fighters led by Mahmoud al-Werfalli reportedly attacked a Toyota car dealership in Benghazi and threatened to kill the company’s director.

Violence occurred at celebrations to mark the 17 February 2011 uprisings in Sebha and Sirte. On 16 February, during patrols near Ghadduwah a mass grave was uncovered of individuals believed to have been killed by ISIS. On 17 February, the LNA 166 Brigade reportedly killed a member of the Sirte Criminal Investigations Department. On 21 February, there was an alleged assassination attempt on GNA MoI Fathi Bashaagha.

On 11 February, the new President of the PC embarked on a tour of eastern Libya. On 13 February, reports circulated about the arrest of Khalid Bu Lugaib, a prominent militia leader. On 13 February, the Misrata Third Force closed the Dafniyya gate. On 15 February, the new Prime Minister designate, confirmed that his cabinet will be ready before the 21-day deadline for forming the government.

On 2 February, armed groups clashed near the Uqba Bin Nafi School in Sirte, resulting in at least two injuries.

On 28 January, tensions boiled over between Emad Trabelsi’s General Security Force (GSF) and the Special Deterrence Force (Rada). On 26 January, clashes occurred between the 55 Battalion, aligned with the GNA Ministry of Defence, and the 3 Unit, aligned with the GNA Ministry of Interior. On 29 January, reports in local Libyan media claimed that the UN-mediated 5+5 Joint Military Committee (JMC) would hold its second meeting in Sirte on 4 February.

On 19-20 January, representatives from the HoR and the HCS met in Egypt and agreed to hold a referendum on a constitutional proposal before the national elections scheduled for 24 December 2021. On 23 January, delegations from the HoR and HCS also met in Morocco, to discuss the implementation of some sort of “power sharing” agreement between Libya’s regions. On 23 January, a senior GNA military delegation met with the Chadian president to discuss organised crime, terrorism, and illegal immigration. On 24 January, the GNA Ministry of Interior deployed forces to Tarhouna following riots and destruction of property.

On 12 January, the GNA’s Defence Minister reportedly sign so-called ‘code of honour’ agreement with the GNA’s Chief of Staff, and the commanders of the GNA’s western, central and Tripoli military zones. This step is meant to quiet otherwise rising intra-Tripolitanian militia tensions. On 18 January, the Head of the GNA appointed the leaders of the ‘Stability Support Apparatus’, a new entity to undertake operations related to national security issues.

On 8 January, the GNA Minister of Interior announced the launch of Operation ‘Snake Hunting’ to target militants and human smugglers in Libya’s western region. On 9 January, senior figures in western Libya issued a joint statement reiterating their support for a new transitional National Unity Government to prepare the national elections planned for 24 December 2021.

On 29 December, the HoR-aligned government in eastern Libya temporarily appointed a new chief for the Internal Security Department, Brigadier General Muhammed Hassan Kamil al-Tarhouni. On 31 December, the GNA issued a decree allocating 1 billion LYD to its Ministry of Defence. On 3 January, armed skirmishes occurred in Sebha between the LNA and GNA-aligned forces. On 3 January, a Madkhali armed group attacked a cemetery in Surman.

On 24 December, Haftar called on Libyans to take up arms to remove Turkish forces from Libyan soil. On 23 December both the GNA and the LNA issued statements accusing each other of mobilising on the Sirte-Jufra frontline. On 25 December, GNA-aligned forces and the LNA conducted a prisoner exchange.

On 14 December, clashes occurred between the Sirte Military Police and the LNA’s 128 Brigade. On 15 December, UNSMIL confirmed that the LPDF is unable to agree on a new Libyan transitional executive authority. On 16 December, the GNA Minister of Defence announced he had formed a committee to follow up on LNA ‘war crimes’.

On 11 December, the GNA Defence Minister claimed in an interview that the LNA had violated its ceasefire agreement with the GNA. On 12 December, the ‘former’ commander of the TRB, Haithem Tajouri, returned to Libya. On 14 December, 32 members of the LPDF threatened to resign.

Over the last week, the LNA strengthened its defenses and mobilized troops, particularly on the Sirte-Jufra axis. On 5 December, the Libyan Revolutionaries Leadership Gathering held a conference in Zawiyya where it ‘urged all Libyan authorities to work toward activating the role of the Libyan National Guard’. On 6 December, the LNA issued a decree calling on its troops on the Sirte-Jufra frontlines to assume ‘a state of readiness.’. On the same day, the LNA mobilised in preparation to capture a military camp in Ubari. On 8 December, LNA forces detained a Turkish ship, which was apparently transporting medical products to Misrata port.

On 25 November, Acting Head of UNSMIL, Stephanie Williams convened the third round of virtual meetings of the LPDF. From 23 – 28 November, more than 120 deputies from the HoR, HCS, and the boycotting Tripoli-based HoR met in Tangier, Morocco. On 26 November, a European tracking system recorded that military aircraft from Turkey landing at the al-Watiya Air Base.

On 23 November, a new virtual round of the UN-led Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF) began. On 22 November, representatives from both the Tripoli-based and Tubruq-based House of Representatives (HoR) travelled to Tangier, Morocco. On 18 November, head of the Audit Bureau, Shakshak, referred the head of the GNA al-Serraj to the Public Prosecutor. On 18 November, the GNA’s Volcano of Rage said that Wagner mercenaries and Sudanese Janjaweed forces were still ‘flooding into’ Sirte.

On 10 November, female lawyer and human rights activist Hanan al-Baraasi was shot dead in Benghazi. On 11 November, the GNA’s MFA announced that Libya’s borders with Tunisia would be reopening on 14 November. On 12 November, the participants of the 5+5 JMC dialogues, announced that they would ‘immediately’ reopen the main coastal road. On 14 November, the Libyan Airports Authority held a meeting with Turkey’s al-Bayrak Group to discuss plans for the development of a Misrata International Airport. On 15 November, LNA commander Haftar issued a decree appointing Major General Abdussalam al-Hassi as commander of the Benghazi-based LNA Special Forces.

On 4 November, LNA Commander Haftar reportedly launched an operation in Benghazi to expand joint security cooperation. Also, on 4 November, clashes erupted in Tarhouna. On 5 November, the military spokesman of the GNA, Dara, claimed the presence of Russian Wagner mercenaries in Sirte. The same day, it was reported that Turkish troops would remain in Libya for as long as the GNA wishes. On 6 November, several citizens arriving at Tripoli’s Mitiga airport from Benina Airport in Benghazi were arrested on charges of taking part in the 2019 attack on Tripoli.

On 2 November, delegations from the GNA and LNA met in Ghadames to conduct the fifth round of talks within the framework of the 5+5 JMC. On 30 October, a spokesperson for the GNA, al-Zaklai, announced that GNA Prime Minister al-Serraj had taken back his decision to resign.

On 23 October, delegations from the GNA and LNA signed a ceasefire agreement. On the same day, the first commercial passenger flight from Tripoli landed at Benghazi’s Benina airport. On 20 October, GNA Commander of the Sirte-Jufra Operations Room, Beit al-Mal, called upon the head of the GNA, al-Serraj, to remove Libyan Media Foundation chief Bayou from his office. On 21 October, Sabratha armed forces clashed with the al-Shalfouh militia from Ajalat. On 24 October, spokesperson for the GNA Volcano of Rage Operation, Qananou, urged UNSMIL to send monitoring teams to Sirte, Jufra and Brak al-Shati airbase.

On 14 October, Rada reportedly detained the commander of the Zawiyyan Coastguard. On 15 October, GNA and LNA traded accusations of provoking altercations at the Sirte-Jufra frontline. On 16 October, the first flight from Tripoli’s Mitiga Airport arrived at Benghazi’s Benina Airport after more than a year. On 17 October, the LNA sent reinforcements belonging to the 128 Brigade. On 18 October, 12 unidentified bodies were found in mass graves in Tarhouna. On 19 October, military leaders met in Geneva for dialogues within the 5+5 JMC framework.

On 8 October, the GNA Defence Minister, al-Namroush, warned that LNA Commander Haftar was preparing to launch an attack in the Bani Walid, Ghariyan and Tarhouna regions. Claims by the LNA have also emerged that the GNA is planning to launch an attack on the western oil fields and facilities of Sharara and al-Feel.

On 3 October, HoR Speaker Saleh met with the eastern-based interim government’s MFA al-Huweij. On 30 September, the Attorney General’s Office announced that several top Libyan officials had been arrested or charged with corruption. On 29 September, the GNA’s MoD announced that it had opened enrolment. On 29 September, a district court judge in Virginia ruled that lawsuits against LNA head Haftar should go forward.

On 28 September, military and police delegations from western and eastern Libya met in Egypt. On 24 September, violent clashes reportedly occurred between GNA-aligned forces in Tajoura. On 23 September, LNA Commander Haftar and Speaker of the HoR Saleh met in Cairo with Egyptian President al-Sisi. On 23 September, a Mi-24 helicopter crashed at Sawknah. On 21 September, renewed protests against corruption occurred in Benghazi.

On 16 September, GNA/PC head al-Serraj announced on live television that he would ‘hand over’ his duties. On 18 September, Kufra residents staged mass protests in front of the town’s municipality headquarters. On 14 September, the GNA’s MoI allegedly issued a decree to create a committee for the purpose of integrating fighters and armed groups.

On 15 September, new reports emerged stating that head of the GNA, al-Serraj, was planning to resign. From 11-13 September, protests occurred throughout eastern Libya. On 13 September, the eastern-based Interim Government submitted its resignation to the Speaker of the Tubruq-based House of Representatives (HoR), Aqeela Saleh. On 11 September, participants in the so-called Libya Dialogue held in Bouznika, Morocco stated that they had agreed upon ‘criteria, transparent mechanisms and objectives’ for the appointments of new individuals to key posts.

On 3 September, the PC of the GNA announced that the GNA’s Minister of Interior (MoI), Bashaagha, had been re-instated. On 7 September, the GNA’s VoR spokesperson, Gununu, announced hat it had taken down a helicopter belonging to the LNA near the Sirte-Jufra frontlines. On 2 September, Gununu accused LNA forces of violating a declared ceasefire for the second time in 3 days. On 4 September, the spokesperson for the GNA Sirte-Jufra Operations Room, Drah, denied that mercenaries from the Russian PMC Wagner had pulled out of Sirte and Jufra.

On 28 August, GNA Prime Minister and head of the PC Fayez al-Serraj announced that he was suspending Interior Minister Fathi Bashaagha.

On 21 August, the GNA announced a nationwide ceasefire. The speaker of the HoR, Saleh, reiterated the call for a ceasefire along similar terms. On 23 August, the LNA spokesperson, al-Mismari, labelled the GNA’s effort as a ‘marketing stunt’ while not commenting on the HoR statement. Also on 23 August, multiple protests occurred throughout the western region, specifically in Tripoli and in Zawiyya.

On 12 August, head the LNA, Haftar, promoted 448 LNA officers. On 13 August, photographs outside of Khoms Port purportedly showed a Turkish G-class frigate. The same day, Turkey and the GNA signed a MoU outlining enhanced economic cooperation. On 11 August, a security breach in Jalu prompted the formation of a joint-security room.

Over the last week, both the GNA and LNA have continued to build up forces near Sirte and Jufra. On 5 August, the GNA officials met with the Italian Defence Minister, Lorenzo Guerini. On 6 August, Haftar, met with the LNA Operation Room and Military Region Commanders in Benghazi. On 7 August, the TPF released a statement condemning the Muslim Brotherhood. On 8 August, al-Serraj, met with the Audit Bureau, Anti-Corruption Commission and Administrative Control Authority.

Over last week, the head of the LNA, Haftar, toured LNA units. LNA spokesman al-Mismari stated that a ceasefire could be implemented only after Turkey leaves Libya ‘completely’. Over the last week, tensions in Sirte still remained high and clashes broke out in Zawiyya. On 29 July, Libya’s PC said that it had formed a committee to investigate the visit of French writer Bernard-Henri Lévy to Libya. On 28 July, Libyan Ambassador to the UN al-Sunni criticised the ‘selective’ approach of the UN sanctions committee. On 27 July, the Speaker of the HoR, Saleh, met with his Moroccan counterpart and the following day, the head of the HCS, al-Mishri, spoke at a press conference in Rabat and said that the HCS and the Tubruq-based HoR have the potential to reach a political solution.

On 24 July, AFRICOM said it had mounting evidence for heavy weapons delivery from Russia to the Wagner Group in Libya. On 28 July, Head of UNSMIL, Stephanie Williams, announced the start of the international audit of the two branches of the CBL. Both the GNA and LNA forces continued to build up forces around Sirte last week

On 16 July, Egyptian President Sisi met with a delegation of Libyan tribal chiefs; followingly, they authorised Egyptian intervention in Libya. Throughout the week, forces build up and posturing continued on Sirte frontlines. On 15 July, Libyan judicial officials said that the international audit of the Tripoli-based CBL and the parallel eastern-based CBL would begin. The same day, the GNA’s Joint Operations Room issued letters to armed groups in 12 civilian locations around Tripoli, demanding that they evacuate their headquarters within 24 hours.

On 13 July, the HoR said that the Egyptian armed forces have the right to interfere in Libya should they see an imminent threat. On 13 July, Juwaili issued an official decree to create a new joint force to secure the western region. On 11 July, UNSMIL held a virtual meeting with the GNA MoI to discuss SSR and DDR efforts. On 12 July, Serraj met with the GNA military region commanders while LNA forces continued to mobilise to Sirte. On 8 and 9 July, clashes occurred between militias in Janzour that resulted in at least 10 people being killed.

On 5 July, Watiya airbase was attacked, but no one has claimed responsibility. Over the last week, both the GNA and LNA forces have maintained their positions in Sirte, but there has been little active fighting. On 2 July, the GNA MoI Bashaagha announced that the new INTERPOL office in Tripoli had been opened.

On 29 June, the NOC confirmed that there have been ongoing negotiations to resume oil production between the GNA, NOC and regional countries, under the supervision of the UN and the US. The same day, the Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of Libyan Sheikhs & Elders announced their demands for ending the oil shutdown. On 29 June, the head of the Libyan Council of Elders called for demonstrations against Turkey’s interference. Over the last week there has been a continued build up by both the GNA and LNA forces west and east of Sirte respectively. Also last week, the head of the LNA, Haftar, had a meeting with the eastern-based parallel government to discuss the monitoring of HR violations by groups in western Libya.

On 21 June, the LNA spokesperson al-Mismari declared a no-fly zone in an area from east of Sirte until the al-Heesa village in the west. On 20 June, Egyptian President al-Sisi warned not to push beyond the current Sirte-Jufra frontlines. The same day, Turkish presidential spokesman, Kalin, stated that the LNA must withdraw from Sirte in order for a ceasefire to be facilitated.

Over the last week, forces aligned to the GNA have reinforced positions to the west of Sirte, while LNA forces have reinforced positions inside Sirte. On 9 June, the LNA restructured its command of operations near Sirte. On 12 June, the GNA Western Military Region Commander, Usama al-Juwaili, expanded his control over large areas of Zintan.

On 3 June, GNA Prime Minister al-Serraj announced the complete liberation of Tripoli. On 5 June, GNA forces entered Tarhouna and Bani Walid. On 6 June, the GNA Sirte-Jufra Operations Room declared Operation “Paths of Victory” to capture Sirte and Jufra. On 9 June, the NOC proclaimed that LNA affiliated forces had entered the Sharara field and interrupted operations.

On 1 June, UNSMIL released a statement welcoming agreement from both the GNA and LNA to resume talks based on the 5 + 5 Joint Military Commission (JMC). On 27 May, the Speaker of the HoR, Saleh, met in al-Qubah with the LNA General Command. On 28 May, the GNA removed the Minister of Economy, al-Issawi.

On 21 May, the LNA announced a new aerial campaign. Before, Russia seems to have had transferred fighters and attack jets to Jufra airbase. Over the last week, the siege by GNA forces on the LNA’s last western stronghold of Tarhouna continued.

On 18 May, LNA forces stationed at Watiya left the airbase and GNA forces took over. The same day GNA-aligned Turkish drones targeted suspected LNA fuel trucks north of the LNA-controlled Jufra airbase. On 19 May, the LNA spokesperson, Mesmari, indicated that LNA forces would be withdrawing from the southern Tripoli frontlines as the month of Ramadan comes closer to the Eid al-Fitr celebration.

On 11 May, the LNA spokesperson, indicated that a deal had been brokered between Haftar, and the chairman of the HoR, Saleh. On 9 May, the LNA launched as many as 150 artillery shells on Tripoli. On 6 May, the LNA announced a new aerial operation against the GNA dubbed “Operation Ababil Birds”. Throughout the week GNA-aligned Turkish drones launched aerial attacks on the LNA controlled Watiya airbase.

On 29 April, the LNA spokesperson, al-Mismari, announced that the LNA had agreed to a humanitarian truce for Ramadan. The GNA responded that it does not trust any ‘truce’ agreement made by the LNA. On 5 May, GNA-aligned forces began a ground assault on the LNA-controlled Watiya airbase south of Zuwara. On 30 April, a video was released showing the head of the HoR, Saleh, meeting with his fellow Obeidat tribal members to discuss his recent political initiative.

On 27 April, LNA head Khalifa Haftar claimed that the LNA had a “popular mandate” to rule Libya. Over the last week, there was a significant social response in the eastern region expressing support for the LNA and military rule. On 26 April, GNA-aligned forces allegedly launched aerial attacks on Watiya airbase, with several number of deaths reported. Throughout the last week, GNA-aligned forces have targeted the town of Tarhouna, as well as supply routes into the town near Bani Walid, with multiple airstrikes.

On 18 April, the GNA Volcano of Rage Operation began an assault to capture the town of Tarhouna, which acts as the LNA’s forward base for its Tripoli operations. The same day, the GNA-aligned forces from the GNA’s Western Military Region made advances on the Tripoli International Airport axis. On 14 April, GNA-aligned forces and LNA forces engaged in intensive fighting at the Zareer checkpoint, located 13km north of Watiya airbase.

On 13 April, armed groups aligned to the GNA claimed to have captured pro-LNA towns, including Sabratha. The same day, reports emerged on social media claiming that the GNA has been attempting to bribe the city of Bani Walid. On 12 April, the LNA undertook an assault on the Abu Grein axis. In a counter-attack on the same locations, all territory was re-captured. On 6 April, an armed group stormed the MMRA station at al-Shuwayrif and shut off the pipeline, effectively cutting off the water supply to Tripoli, Bani Walid, Tarhouna and Misrata.

The first week of April has seen the highest number of aerial attacks since the LNA launched its assault on Tripoli in April 2019. Relatively senior anti-LNA field commanders have been killed. On 2 April, GNA Prime Minister al-Serraj issued an official statement calling for a reshuffle at the CBL. On 5 April, 18 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Libya.

On 25 March, GNA-aligned forces launched multiple coordinated assaults on LNA forces at Watiya airbase, in Abu Grein and in the south of Tripoli, in what has been dubbed as “Operation Peace Storm.” On 29 March, Libya’s National Centre for Disease Control confirmed eight cases of COVID-19 in Libya. Both the GNA in Tripoli and the eastern-based parallel government have imposed additional measures.

Over the last week, Libyan authorities have taken preventative measures to tackle Covid-19 and as of the evening of 24 March, the National Centre for Disease Control confirmed the first case. On 22 March, the TPF published a video accusing the GNA’s Minister of Interior, Bashaagha of being the “hand” of the USA and France. On 20 March, GNA-aligned forces captured Sudanese mercenaries embedded amongst LAN forces in southern Tripoli.

Throughout the last week, there appears to have been a build-up of forces on the Abu Grein frontline, south of Misrata. On 8 March, the Misratan frontline field commander Arfidah was killed. On 10 March, a member of the Nawasi Brigade was killed, possibly a retribution for the killing of Arfidah. On 10 January, the GNA’s Western Military Region Commander, Juwaili, reportedly attempted to create a military camp in the Nafousa Mountains.

On 9 March, the Egyptian Military reportedly completed training a special navy commando unit to assist LNA forces. On 3 March, the eastern-based parallel government claimed to have officially re-opened the Libyan Embassy to Syria in Damascus. Throughout the week, LNA forces shelled Mitiga airport and the neighbouring areas.

The HoR and the HCS refused to attend the UNSMIL-mediated political dialogue talks which began in Geneva on 26 February. The LNA continues to undertake indirect fire attacks on Tripoli.

On 23 February, the second round of the UN-mediated 5 + 5 JMC discussions concluded in Geneva while the HoR and HCS both expressed reservations about the political track discussions due to start this week. On 22 February, the Zuwara municipality declared a state of emergency. The same day, heavy fighting broke out between anti-LNA forces and LNA forces 17km south of Ghariyan.

On 18 February, LNA forces shelled Tripoli port. On 18 February, the attack coincided with the UN-mediated 5 + 5 Joint Military Committee discussions resumed in Geneva. On 18 February, the head of the LNA, Khalifa Haftar, meeting with the US ambassador to Libya, Richard Norland, in Rajma.

On 3 February, LNA head Haftar issued a decree assigning Major General al-Hamali as the commander of the Zawiyya Military Zone. On 6 February, LNA-affiliated airstrikes targeted a group of militants at their hideout on the outskirts of Derna. On 8 February, the UN-mediated 5 + 5 Joint Military Committee meeting in Geneva concluded.

From 1-2 February, clashes and aerial attacks between Haftar’s LNA and anti-LNA forces occurred in the al-Washka area. On 3 February, the 5+5 Libyan Joint Military Commission mediated by UNSMIL began with meetings. On the same day, the Libyan Embassy in Niger released a video statement denouncing the GNA and declaring its recognition of the HoR as Libya’s legitimate and sovereign government.

On 21 January, the GNA’s deputy ambassador to Tunis resigned. On 22 January, several projectiles were fired at Mitiga Airport, resulting in flights being cancelled at the airfield. On 24 January, Turkish President Erdogan stated that Turkey has sent military personnel, in the form of a training and cooperation team, to Libya. On 26 January, LNA forces clashed with anti-LNA forces from Misrata in a failed attempt to capture the town of Abu Grein. On 26 January, the LNA spokesperson al-Mismari confirmed the assault but stated the LNA does not believe the assault is a breach of the Russia-Turkey ceasefire.

On 17 January, Haftar met with key Greek political officials in Athens ahead of the Berlin conference. On 19 January, Haftar met with German Chancellor Merkel and French President Macron in Berlin. Serraj, on the other hand, met with Merkel and Turkish President Erdogan individually. Serraj and Haftar agreed separately to nominate representatives for a ceasefire committee. On 20 January, US Ambassador to Libya, Richard Norland, met with Serraj and Haftar following the Berlin conference.

On 11 January, Serraj welcomed a Turkish-Russian proposed ceasefire. The LNA also accepted the truce last-minute. Serraj and Haftar then both visited Moscow but only Serraj signed the ceasefire agreement. Haftar left Russia without signing the deal.

On 3 January, Haftar declared a state of full mobilisation to defend Libya from Turkey. On 4 January, the HoR held an emergency meeting and asked the international community to withdraw its recognition of the GNA. On 4 January, the LNA launched a drone strike targeting a military academy camp in Tripoli and killing 30 people. On 6 January, the LNA launched an assault on Sirte, resulting in the withdrawal of local anti-LNA forces and GNA-aligned Misratan forces.

On 19 December, the GNA approved its security MoU with Turkey. On 26 December, the GNA formally requested Turkish ground, naval and aerial support for its forces fighting against Haftar’s LNA in Tripoli and Erdogan said the Turkish parliament would vote on the issue in January. On 23 December, the Municipality of Misrata issued a statement refuting that it had had any communication with Haftar’s forces after Haftar issued an ultimatum on 19 December calling for Misrata to withdraw its forces from Tripoli.

On 12 December, the head of the LNA, Khalifa Haftar, announced a new ‘Zero Hour’. GNA head Fayez al-Serraj urged his forces to stand against the LNA and called upon countries that back Haftar to leave the people of Libya alone. On 15 December, representatives of Misrata met and announced a general state of mobilisation for Misratan forces.

On 9 December, the NOC declared force majeure on crude loadings from Mellitah port. On 7 December, a LNA MiG23 fighter jet crashed in Zawiyya. On 4 December, an unidentified armed group undertook two raids on the GNA’s Ministry of Finance in Tripoli.

Over the last week, the LNA maintained its aerial dominance over Tripoli, while the GNA did not launch any aerial attacks. The LNA also launched air attacks on Tripoli’s western and southern periphery. On 27 November, a contingent of the loosely GNA aligned SPF and the local GNA-aligned PFG unit launched a coordinated attack on the al-Feel oilfield. On 28 November, the NOC confirmed that following the cessation of military activity at the al-Feel oil field, production had resumed.

The US State Department said that on 24 November, a delegation of senior US officials met with LNA leader Haftar. On 23 November, LNA spokesperson Ahmed al-Mismari announced a “No Fly Zone” (NFZ) over Tripoli. Over the last week, LNA or LNA affiliated-personnel met with decision makers and communities in west Libyan towns.

On 12 November, the LNA intensified its push into the southern Tripoli moving on Khalla, the Swehli crossroads and Naher fronts.

In an interview on 4 November, Khalifa Haftar, leader of the LNA, reiterated his conviction of the LNA’s eventual military success in Tripoli. On 5 November, the LNA launched aerial attacks targeting a military facility east of Ghardabiya airbase. On 10 November, the LNA claimed to have taken control of the Souq al-Khamis area further south of Tripoli.

On 3 November, the GNA’s Volcano of Rage Operation said that the LNA had conducted four airstrikes against Tripoli’s Mitiga airport. On 1 November, the LNA said it had launched airstrikes against a military camp near Zelten, west of Tripoli. On the same day, the GNA’s PC issued a statement condemning LNA airstrikes against the Ministry of Interior headquarters.

The LNA continued to push along frontlines in southern Tripoli last week and claimed to have launched airstrikes against anti-LNA positions south of Surman and against a Misratan convoy moving on Jufra. The anti-LNA forces claimed an ambush near the Yarmouk military camp, which reportedly killed 16 LNA fighters.

On 21 October, the GNA Ambassador to Italy, Omar Tarhouni, stated that the planned international conference on Libya to be held in Berlin will occur in April 2020. On 18 – 19 October, members of the Tubruq-based HoR convened in Cairo with their Egyptian counterparts to discuss possible exits from the ongoing Libyan political crisis.

On 14 October, suspected LNA aerial attacks struck a house in the al-Furnaj neighbourhood of Tripoli, killing three children and their mother, and injuring another child. On 13 October, a TRB commander accused the MoF and CBL of obstructing a deal for additional support from Turkey.

On 5 October, the LNA launched airstrikes on Misrata International Airport. Ahmed al-Mesmari said that the LNA had launched four raids targeting four military targets in Sirte. On 3 October, the spokesperson for the SPF confirmed that the LNA had launched airstrikes targeting al-Qardabiya base.

On 25 September, the head of the GNA, Fayez al-Serraj, gave a speech at the UN General Assembly in New York claiming he would never sit at the negotiating table with Khalifa Haftar. A few hours after Serraj’s address, the LNA released a statement arguing it had “always called for peace.”

During the last week, the Libyan National Army (LNA) has increased its aerial attacks on anti-LNA forces in southern Tripoli, with a specific focus on reducing their aerial and drone assets. Heavy fighting has been reported within and in proximity to the Tripoli International Airport (TIA), Aziziyya, al-Asebea, and Khallat al-Furjan.

On 13 September, the commander of the LNA’s 9th Brigade Abdel Wahab al-Magari, the commander of the 7th Brigade/Kani militia Mohsen Kani and his brother Abdel Adeem Kani were killed in southern Tripoli. On 13 September, the GNA claimed its air forces successfully targeted the LNA’s operations room located at the Jufra airbase while the LNA has stated it repelled the attack. On 16 September, the LNA launched aerial strikes targeting the GNA-aligned Sirte Protection Force (SPF) in Sirte.

On 7 September, the anti-LNA coalition launched a coordinated assault against LNA forces in southern Tripoli.

On 26 and 30 August, the LNA launched an assault on the mountain town Ghariyan but were repelled. On 28 August, anti-LNA forces launched an assault on LNA forces along the Zatarna axis in south-eastern Tripoli. On 31 August, four projectiles struck Mitiga airport in Tripoli, damaging the runway and hitting a passenger jet operated by Libyan Airlines.

On 21 August, anti-LNA forces made an advance into al-Asabea. On 25 August, heavy clashes occurred between LNA and anti-LNA forces 45 km southeast of Ghariyan and Ghout al-Reeh. On 26 August, the LNA claimed control of three villages south of Ghariyan.

LNA airstrikes in western Libya have increased over the last week, targeting sites in Zuwara, Abu Kammash, Tripoli and Misrata. In Murzuq, clashes between Tebu and LNA-aligned groups escalated, leading to widespread displacement.

On 9 August, the GNA accepted the UN’s call for a temporary ceasefire for Eid. On 10 August, Haftar announced that his forces would also temporarily cease military operations. However, several violations of the truce occurred. On 10 August, the LNA deployed additional forces to Murzuq to engage with ‘Chadian opposition forces’.

The LNA conducted several airstrikes throughout last week. On 4 August, at least 42 people were killed and more than 60 injured after an LNA aerial attack hit a town hall meeting in Murzuq. On 5 August, the LNA hit Misrata Air College.

On 26 July, the Government of National Accord’s (GNA) Volcano of Wrath operation published a statement claiming to have destroyed a hanger of drones and a cargo plane at the Libyan National Army’s (LNA) Jufra airbase. Later the same day, the LNA claimed it had hit more than ten targets at the Misrata Air College, destroying an air defence system and UAV platforms.

On 22 July, a LNA L-39 Albatross fighter jet made an emergency landing on a road in Beni Khadash in eastern Tunisia. On 21 July, the LNA spokesperson, Ahmed al-Mismari, said the LNA had drawn up its final plan to capture Tripoli. The following day the LNA launched it “second wave” assault to capture the capital. On 18 July, the HCS published a statement accusing France, the UAE, and Egypt of assisting the LNA.

On 15 July, the WHO reported that since the clashes began in Tripoli at the start of April, over 1093 people have been killed, including 106 civilians. Notable clashes occurred in Wadi al-Rabea, Ain Zara, Salahuddin and Khallat Furjan. On 13-15 July, as many as 80 Libyan HoR members met in Cairo at the invitation of the Egyptian National Committee on Libya.

On 2 July, an airstrike killed at least 53 people and injured 130 more after striking a detention centre in the Tajoura suburb of Tripoli. On 6 July, the LNA announce a ‘second wave’ mobilisation to take Tripoli. On 7 July, the LNA conducted additional aerial attacks on Mitiga airport. On 7 July, GNA-affiliated forces tried to fully take Qasr Ben Ghashir and the area surrounding the Tripoli International Airport from LNA forces. On 8 July, the LNA elevated Major Mahmoud al-Werfalli to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.

On 26 June, the GNA announced that forces aligned with it had taken control of the town of Gharyan. On 1 July, the LNA started a new campaign dubbed the “Consequence of Treachery”. On 30 June, the head of the eastern-based House of Representatives declared a “general mobilisation.”

On 18 June, the World Health Organisation (WHO) stated that since the clashes began in early April, 691 people have died, including 41 civilians. On 21 June, the head of the Libyan National Army (LNA), Khalifa Haftar, gave an interview laying out his post-conflict strategy.

On 13 June, the NOC released a statement expressing its concern over “an increased military presence” at its Ras Lanuf oil terminal. On 14 June, the RASCO chairman issued a statement denying the NOC’s claims. On 16 June, the GNA Prime Minister, Fayez al-Serraj, announced a new peace plan initiative, under the auspices of the UN.

On 9 June, the World Health Organisation (WHO) reported 653 people have been killed so far as a result of the clashes in Tripoli. On 5 and 6 June, the LNA launched airstrikes targeting the military section of Tripoli’s Mitiga International Airport.

On 3 June, the WHO stated that 607 people have been killed in Tripoli since 4 April. On 3 June, Fayez al-Serraj claimed forces aligned to the GNA had made advances on all fronts against the LNA. On 2 June, the spokesman for the LNA claimed the LNA had “thwarted all counter-attack attempts carried out by the so-called GNA militias.” On 1 June, the GNA’s Western Military Region spokesperson stated that its forces were undertaking a new tactic. On 1 June, the head of the GNA’s Naval Forces dismissed the suggestion that the western maritime area was a military zone.

On 27 May, the WHO stated that 562 people have been killed since the LNA launched its assault on Tripoli on 4 April. On 27 May, the GNA-aligned Hatteen Brigade deployed from Misrata to Tripoli. On 25 May, the LNA’s Western Region Operations Room Commander, Major General Abdussalam al-Hassi, stated that LNA forces had made significant advances in southern Tripoli.

On 20 May, the Chief of Staff of the Libyan National Army (LNA) Naval Forces, Major General Faraj al-Mahdawi, declared a state of emergency with a ban on shipments to all western maritime ports. On 18 May, Government of National Accord (GNA) aligned forces received a shipment of armed vehicles at Tripoli port.

The LNA’s “Operation Flood of Dignity” against GNA-aligned forces in southern Tripoli continued throughout the first week of Ramadan. On 9 May, the GNA stated that 40 foreign firms operating in Libya must renew their operating licences or face suspension of their operations in Libya.

On 5 May, the LNA released an audiotape in which its leader, Khalifa Haftar, advises his forces to push hard and to “teach the enemy a greater and bigger lesson than previous ones.” On 2 May, the GNA spokesman and the chairman of the Presidential Council’s Emergency Committee held a press conference.

Last week, armed clashes, shelling and airstrikes continued along the front lines in southern Tripoli between Khalifa Haftar’s Libyan National Army (LNA) forces and forces aligned to the Government of National Accord (GNA) in Tripoli, with both sides frequently losing and gaining territory in southern Tripoli. Indiscriminate shelling/rocket attacks on residential areas have also continued. According to the UN, as of 28 April, at least 41,000 people have been displaced in Tripoli, nearly 300 people killed and thousands injured. The levels of disinformation and propaganda remain extremely high on all sides.

On 22 April, the Libyan National Army (LNA) spokesman, Ahmed al-Mismari, claimed the LNA would intensify its assault on Tripoli. On 22 April, Government of National Accord (GNA) Prime Minister Fayez al-Serraj stated he wouldn’t negotiate with Khalifa Haftar until his forces have withdrawn from the capital.

On 11 April, the LNA military prosecutor issued an arrest warrant for a raft of high-profile Tripoli and Misratan political and security figures. In Tripoli, the situation on the ground appears to have reached a stalemate. Neither the LNA nor anti-LNA forces have lost or gained any significant ground since last week. In contrast, the number of aerial attacks had increased.

On 3 April, the Libyan National Army (LNA) announced the launch of its long-anticipated operation in western Libya. On 4 April, LNA leader Khalifa Haftar released a statement declaring Operation “Flood of Dignity” to liberate Tripoli.