Libyan actors

Last week, reports surfaced that the Libya National Army (LNA) had deployed additional ground forces from Jufra to Sebha, including Sudanese...

On 6 November, clashes broke out in Warshafana between Muammar al-Dawi’s 55 Battalion and the Ramzi al-Lafaa Brigade. The clashes were sparked when...

On 4 November, clashes broke out in the Jadda'im area of Zawiyya between armed groups aligned to the Isnad Support Force of the Zawiyya Security...

On 2 November, unidentifed armed groups reportedly closed the Misurata-Sirte road at Abu Grein. They were reportedly demanding the payment of dues...

On 28 October, a number of heads of eastern security directorates declared they will only follow orders from Qaim, and not the Tripoli-based...

On 27 October, an unidentified armed group stormed the Ministry of Sport in Tripoli. According to a ministry statement, an ‘illegal force’...

On 27 October, an armed group affiliated to the 444 Brigade launched a failed attempt to kidnap the Commander of the Tripoli Military Zone, Abdul...

On the evening of 25 October and throughout the morning of 26 October, there were clashes in Zawiyya between the First Division (Esnad) (also known...

On 24 October, the 777 Brigade, led by Haithem Tajouri, along with the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA) led by Abdul-Ghani al-Kikli (Ghinaywa)...

On 23 October, the Government of National Unity (GNU) Ministry of Labour and Rehabilitation launched its Disarmament, Demobilization and...

On 15 October, one person was reportedly killed and several injured during clashes between the Habouni and Al-Ashibi tribes in Al- Zohour...

On 13 October, the Libyan National Army (LNA)’s Tariq Bin Zayid (TBZ) battalion undertook an operation against LNA-aligned units stationed in...

On 12 October, an unidentified armed group allegedly affiliated with GNU Prime Minister Abdul Hameed Dabaiba reportedly kidnapped Major General...

On 8 October, the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) concluded a three-day meeting in Geneva by signing a comprehensive Action Plan ‘for the...

On the evening of 8 October, clashes broke out between 301 Battalion and the Security Directorate Support Force (SDSF) in the Airport Road...

On 7 October, the Western Military Region Joint Force under the command of Usama Juwaili and the General Security Services led by Emad Trabelsi...

On 1 October, a migrant was killed and at least 15 others injured, six seriously, when the Government of National Unity (GNU) Ministry of Interior,...

On 30 September, the Libyan Army’s Joint Operations Room for the Western Military Region, headed by Osama Juweili met with the head of head of the...

On 29 September, it was reported that the members of the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) had agreed on the need for the withdrawal of all...

On 27 September, a further five bodies were exhumed from the mass graves in Tarhuna.

On 22 September, the head of the Libyan National Army (LNA), Khalifa Haftar, declared that he would be temporarily suspending his role as its leader...

On 21 September, Tripoli's Nawasi Brigade brokered a meeting between the 444 Brigade and the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA) to resolve tensions...

On 19 September, two Libyan National Army (LNA) helicopters collided during a military mission, causing one of the helicopters to crash near Zawiyat...

On 15 September, reports surfaced that in Tripoli a member of the 444 Brigade had fired an RPG (rocket-propelled grenade) at a member of the 777...

On 15 September, the Mayor of Al-Andalus district in Tripoli, Mohamed Al-Fattisi, was reportedly kidnapped by unknown gunmen.

On 11 September, the Libyan National Army (LNA) issued a decree disbanding the LNA-aligned 116 Brigade under the command of Masoud Jeddi and...

On 8 September, members of the Government of National Unity (GNU) Ministry of Defence -aligned 444 Brigade reportedly arrested guards from the GNU...

On 6 September, clashes were reported in Zawiyya’s al-Fasi district between armed groups. Reports indicate the fighting was intense, with extended...

On 3 September at approximately 3am local time, the 444 Brigade, which is aligned with the Government of National Unity (GNU) Ministry of Defence...

On 3 September, the Commander of the Tripoli Military Zone, Abdul Baset Marwan, released a video statement blaming the 444 Brigade for its ‘failure...

On 31 August, clashes broke out at the headquarters of the Administrative Control Authority (ACA) in Tripoli after the Deputy Head of the ACA was...

On 26 August, intermittent clashes broke out in Zawiyya following the drive-by shooting earlier in the day at Omar al-Mukhtar junction between...

On 24 August, after several months of unannounced communication Saddam Haftar, son of Libyan National Army (LNA) commander Khalifa Haftar, and the...

On 23 August, the Libyan National Army (LNA) announced that it had released 17 detainees from western armed groups, having captured them during the...

This week, there have been a series of mobilisations in and around the strategic town of al-Shuwayrif in south-western Libya by Libyan National Army...

On 18 August, GNU Prime Minister Abdul Hameed Dabaiba, met with members of the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC), including Major General Abu...

On 15 August, the Presidential Council announced the creation of the ‘West Coast Military Zone’ and appointed former GNA Minister of Defence, Salah...

On 14 August, the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) met in Sirte for their seventh meeting, concluding with a statement calling on the Government...

On 11 August, the GNU Military Prosecutor, Mohammed Gharouda's, order for Saif al-Islam al-Qadhafi, the son of the former dictator Muammar...

On 9 August, the head of the Libyan National Army (LNA), Khalifa Haftar, made a series of significant appointments, reshuffling the LNA General...

On 4 August, Prime Minister of the Government of National Unity (GNU, Abdul Hameed Dabaiba met with the ‘Committee for Organising, Absorbing and...

On 4 August, the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) issued a statement condemning ‘hostile acts’ aiming to undermine stability along the...

On 3 August, Government of National Unity (GNU) Foreign Minister, Najla al-Mangoush, met with Khairi al-Tamimi, the Director of the Office of Libyan...

On 30 July, the 5+5 Joint Military Committee (5+5 JMC) declared that the coastal road between Misrata and Sirte had reopened for non-military...

On 29 July, armed clashes broke out in al-Mayah (29km west of Tripoli) and Zawiyya between the Isnad Support Force of the Zawiyya Security...

On 27 July, local Libyan media reported that the commander of the LNA-aligned 9th Brigade (also known as the Kaniyat militia) Mohammed al-Kani was...

On 25 July, the GNU Ministry of Health declared a public health state of emergency due to the rampant spread of the Covid-19 virus, calling for...

On 22 July, clashes broke out in Tripoli between the Stability Support Apparatus (SSA), led by Abdul Ghani al-Kikli, also known as ‘Ghinaywa’, and...

On 19 July, the GNU Chief of Staff, Mohammed Haddad, issued a decision to create a new brigade in Tajoura under the command of the GNU that would...

On 15 July, local reporting claimed that the Libyan National Army (LNA) 128 Battalion had mobilised some of its forces to al-Shuwayrif.

On 13 July, the Government of National Unity (GNU) Prime Minister Abdul Hameed Dabaiba, issued a decree to establish a joint security operations...

On 27 April, the GNU Prime Minister stated that the GNU intends to return to Benghazi soon. On 30 April, the HCS rejected the list of candidates presented by the HoR for Libya’s semi-sovereign institutions. On 2 May, Libya’s Muslim Brotherhood announced that it has become an NGO under the name ‘Revival and Renewal’.

On 21 April, Libya’s PC ordered all military units in southern Libya to report for duty and be on emergency alert. On 25 April, the advance security for the GNU’s delegation to Benghazi was prevented from landing at Benina airport.

On 12 April, the 444th Combat Brigade announced it had closed 11 militia headquarters in Tripoli. On 14 April, clashes broke out between members of the Kani militia and the LNA’s 166 Brigade. On 16 April, members of Abdul Ghani al-Kikli’s armed group abducted seven members of the Judicial Police.

On 11 April, Abdul Rahman Milad, better known as ‘al-Bija’, was acquitted of involvement in human smuggling and fuel smuggling.

On 31 March, 120 LNA prisoners who were captured in April 2019, were released from prison in Zawiyya. On 31 March, the GNU Prime Minister held his first meeting in his capacity as interim Minister of Defence with the directors of the Ministry of Defence. On 5 April, Haftar hosted the first meeting of a new forum for ‘armed forces officers’ at the LNA HQ in Rajma. On 5 April, the Vice-President of Libya’s Presidential Council announced the creation of a High National Reconciliation Commission.

On 24 March, a commander in the LNA’s Saiqa Battalion, Mahmoud Werfalli, was killed in Benghazi. On 29 March, Mohammed Salem, a prominent commander in the al-Samoud Brigade, was killed in Karimiyya.

On 18 March, sources reported unrest in Abu Salim and the deployment of armoured vehicles and technicals by the SSA. On 18 March the GNU Prime Minister ordered an investigation after a number of bodies were discovered in Benghazi. On 23 March, the eastern parallel government handed over power to the new GNU.

On 9 March, the TPF militia called on the HoR to pass a vote of confidence in the cabinet list presented by Dabaiba. On 11-12 March, armed groups exchanged fire in Tripoli. On 14 March, clashes occurred at a checkpoint in Bani Walid between the 444 Brigade and armed civilians. On 15–16 March, the 5+5 Joint Military Commission (JMC) met to discuss progress on the military track of the peace process.

On 4 March, the Tripoli headquarters of the Administrative Control Authority was attacked by an armed group. On 10 March, the HoR passed a vote of confidence in the cabinet presented by Prime Minister designate, Abdul Hameed Dabaiba.

On 28 February, AFP stated that a report submitted to the UNSC Sanctions Committee contains details of the alleged attempts at bribery that shook the LPDF. On 27 February, the GNA issued arrest warrants against those accused of mass killings in Tarhouna. On 1 March, the Tripoli Primary Prosecution Office declared that the incident in Janzour involving Fathi Bashaagha, was a ‘traffic accident’. On 2 March, fighters led by Mahmoud al-Werfalli reportedly attacked a Toyota car dealership in Benghazi and threatened to kill the company’s director.

Violence occurred at celebrations to mark the 17 February 2011 uprisings in Sebha and Sirte. On 16 February, during patrols near Ghadduwah a mass grave was uncovered of individuals believed to have been killed by ISIS. On 17 February, the LNA 166 Brigade reportedly killed a member of the Sirte Criminal Investigations Department. On 21 February, there was an alleged assassination attempt on GNA MoI Fathi Bashaagha.

On 11 February, the new President of the PC embarked on a tour of eastern Libya. On 13 February, reports circulated about the arrest of Khalid Bu Lugaib, a prominent militia leader. On 13 February, the Misrata Third Force closed the Dafniyya gate. On 15 February, the new Prime Minister designate, confirmed that his cabinet will be ready before the 21-day deadline for forming the government.

On 2 February, armed groups clashed near the Uqba Bin Nafi School in Sirte, resulting in at least two injuries.

On 28 January, tensions boiled over between Emad Trabelsi’s General Security Force (GSF) and the Special Deterrence Force (Rada). On 26 January, clashes occurred between the 55 Battalion, aligned with the GNA Ministry of Defence, and the 3 Unit, aligned with the GNA Ministry of Interior. On 29 January, reports in local Libyan media claimed that the UN-mediated 5+5 Joint Military Committee (JMC) would hold its second meeting in Sirte on 4 February.

On 19-20 January, representatives from the HoR and the HCS met in Egypt and agreed to hold a referendum on a constitutional proposal before the national elections scheduled for 24 December 2021. On 23 January, delegations from the HoR and HCS also met in Morocco, to discuss the implementation of some sort of “power sharing” agreement between Libya’s regions. On 23 January, a senior GNA military delegation met with the Chadian president to discuss organised crime, terrorism, and illegal immigration. On 24 January, the GNA Ministry of Interior deployed forces to Tarhouna following riots and destruction of property.

On 12 January, the GNA’s Defence Minister reportedly sign so-called ‘code of honour’ agreement with the GNA’s Chief of Staff, and the commanders of the GNA’s western, central and Tripoli military zones. This step is meant to quiet otherwise rising intra-Tripolitanian militia tensions. On 18 January, the Head of the GNA appointed the leaders of the ‘Stability Support Apparatus’, a new entity to undertake operations related to national security issues.

On 8 January, the GNA Minister of Interior announced the launch of Operation ‘Snake Hunting’ to target militants and human smugglers in Libya’s western region. On 9 January, senior figures in western Libya issued a joint statement reiterating their support for a new transitional National Unity Government to prepare the national elections planned for 24 December 2021.

On 29 December, the HoR-aligned government in eastern Libya temporarily appointed a new chief for the Internal Security Department, Brigadier General Muhammed Hassan Kamil al-Tarhouni. On 31 December, the GNA issued a decree allocating 1 billion LYD to its Ministry of Defence. On 3 January, armed skirmishes occurred in Sebha between the LNA and GNA-aligned forces. On 3 January, a Madkhali armed group attacked a cemetery in Surman.

On 24 December, Haftar called on Libyans to take up arms to remove Turkish forces from Libyan soil. On 23 December both the GNA and the LNA issued statements accusing each other of mobilising on the Sirte-Jufra frontline. On 25 December, GNA-aligned forces and the LNA conducted a prisoner exchange.

On 14 December, clashes occurred between the Sirte Military Police and the LNA’s 128 Brigade. On 15 December, UNSMIL confirmed that the LPDF is unable to agree on a new Libyan transitional executive authority. On 16 December, the GNA Minister of Defence announced he had formed a committee to follow up on LNA ‘war crimes’.

On 11 December, the GNA Defence Minister claimed in an interview that the LNA had violated its ceasefire agreement with the GNA. On 12 December, the ‘former’ commander of the TRB, Haithem Tajouri, returned to Libya. On 14 December, 32 members of the LPDF threatened to resign.

Over the last week, the LNA strengthened its defenses and mobilized troops, particularly on the Sirte-Jufra axis. On 5 December, the Libyan Revolutionaries Leadership Gathering held a conference in Zawiyya where it ‘urged all Libyan authorities to work toward activating the role of the Libyan National Guard’. On 6 December, the LNA issued a decree calling on its troops on the Sirte-Jufra frontlines to assume ‘a state of readiness.’. On the same day, the LNA mobilised in preparation to capture a military camp in Ubari. On 8 December, LNA forces detained a Turkish ship, which was apparently transporting medical products to Misrata port.

On 25 November, Acting Head of UNSMIL, Stephanie Williams convened the third round of virtual meetings of the LPDF. From 23 – 28 November, more than 120 deputies from the HoR, HCS, and the boycotting Tripoli-based HoR met in Tangier, Morocco. On 26 November, a European tracking system recorded that military aircraft from Turkey landing at the al-Watiya Air Base.

On 23 November, a new virtual round of the UN-led Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF) began. On 22 November, representatives from both the Tripoli-based and Tubruq-based House of Representatives (HoR) travelled to Tangier, Morocco. On 18 November, head of the Audit Bureau, Shakshak, referred the head of the GNA al-Serraj to the Public Prosecutor. On 18 November, the GNA’s Volcano of Rage said that Wagner mercenaries and Sudanese Janjaweed forces were still ‘flooding into’ Sirte.

On 10 November, female lawyer and human rights activist Hanan al-Baraasi was shot dead in Benghazi. On 11 November, the GNA’s MFA announced that Libya’s borders with Tunisia would be reopening on 14 November. On 12 November, the participants of the 5+5 JMC dialogues, announced that they would ‘immediately’ reopen the main coastal road. On 14 November, the Libyan Airports Authority held a meeting with Turkey’s al-Bayrak Group to discuss plans for the development of a Misrata International Airport. On 15 November, LNA commander Haftar issued a decree appointing Major General Abdussalam al-Hassi as commander of the Benghazi-based LNA Special Forces.

On 4 November, LNA Commander Haftar reportedly launched an operation in Benghazi to expand joint security cooperation. Also, on 4 November, clashes erupted in Tarhouna. On 5 November, the military spokesman of the GNA, Dara, claimed the presence of Russian Wagner mercenaries in Sirte. The same day, it was reported that Turkish troops would remain in Libya for as long as the GNA wishes. On 6 November, several citizens arriving at Tripoli’s Mitiga airport from Benina Airport in Benghazi were arrested on charges of taking part in the 2019 attack on Tripoli.

On 2 November, delegations from the GNA and LNA met in Ghadames to conduct the fifth round of talks within the framework of the 5+5 JMC. On 30 October, a spokesperson for the GNA, al-Zaklai, announced that GNA Prime Minister al-Serraj had taken back his decision to resign.

On 23 October, delegations from the GNA and LNA signed a ceasefire agreement. On the same day, the first commercial passenger flight from Tripoli landed at Benghazi’s Benina airport. On 20 October, GNA Commander of the Sirte-Jufra Operations Room, Beit al-Mal, called upon the head of the GNA, al-Serraj, to remove Libyan Media Foundation chief Bayou from his office. On 21 October, Sabratha armed forces clashed with the al-Shalfouh militia from Ajalat. On 24 October, spokesperson for the GNA Volcano of Rage Operation, Qananou, urged UNSMIL to send monitoring teams to Sirte, Jufra and Brak al-Shati airbase.

On 14 October, Rada reportedly detained the commander of the Zawiyyan Coastguard. On 15 October, GNA and LNA traded accusations of provoking altercations at the Sirte-Jufra frontline. On 16 October, the first flight from Tripoli’s Mitiga Airport arrived at Benghazi’s Benina Airport after more than a year. On 17 October, the LNA sent reinforcements belonging to the 128 Brigade. On 18 October, 12 unidentified bodies were found in mass graves in Tarhouna. On 19 October, military leaders met in Geneva for dialogues within the 5+5 JMC framework.

On 8 October, the GNA Defence Minister, al-Namroush, warned that LNA Commander Haftar was preparing to launch an attack in the Bani Walid, Ghariyan and Tarhouna regions. Claims by the LNA have also emerged that the GNA is planning to launch an attack on the western oil fields and facilities of Sharara and al-Feel.

On 3 October, HoR Speaker Saleh met with the eastern-based interim government’s MFA al-Huweij. On 30 September, the Attorney General’s Office announced that several top Libyan officials had been arrested or charged with corruption. On 29 September, the GNA’s MoD announced that it had opened enrolment. On 29 September, a district court judge in Virginia ruled that lawsuits against LNA head Haftar should go forward.

On 28 September, military and police delegations from western and eastern Libya met in Egypt. On 24 September, violent clashes reportedly occurred between GNA-aligned forces in Tajoura. On 23 September, LNA Commander Haftar and Speaker of the HoR Saleh met in Cairo with Egyptian President al-Sisi. On 23 September, a Mi-24 helicopter crashed at Sawknah. On 21 September, renewed protests against corruption occurred in Benghazi.

On 16 September, GNA/PC head al-Serraj announced on live television that he would ‘hand over’ his duties. On 18 September, Kufra residents staged mass protests in front of the town’s municipality headquarters. On 14 September, the GNA’s MoI allegedly issued a decree to create a committee for the purpose of integrating fighters and armed groups.

On 15 September, new reports emerged stating that head of the GNA, al-Serraj, was planning to resign. From 11-13 September, protests occurred throughout eastern Libya. On 13 September, the eastern-based Interim Government submitted its resignation to the Speaker of the Tubruq-based House of Representatives (HoR), Aqeela Saleh. On 11 September, participants in the so-called Libya Dialogue held in Bouznika, Morocco stated that they had agreed upon ‘criteria, transparent mechanisms and objectives’ for the appointments of new individuals to key posts.

On 3 September, the PC of the GNA announced that the GNA’s Minister of Interior (MoI), Bashaagha, had been re-instated. On 7 September, the GNA’s VoR spokesperson, Gununu, announced hat it had taken down a helicopter belonging to the LNA near the Sirte-Jufra frontlines. On 2 September, Gununu accused LNA forces of violating a declared ceasefire for the second time in 3 days. On 4 September, the spokesperson for the GNA Sirte-Jufra Operations Room, Drah, denied that mercenaries from the Russian PMC Wagner had pulled out of Sirte and Jufra.

On 28 August, GNA Prime Minister and head of the PC Fayez al-Serraj announced that he was suspending Interior Minister Fathi Bashaagha.

On 21 August, the GNA announced a nationwide ceasefire. The speaker of the HoR, Saleh, reiterated the call for a ceasefire along similar terms. On 23 August, the LNA spokesperson, al-Mismari, labelled the GNA’s effort as a ‘marketing stunt’ while not commenting on the HoR statement. Also on 23 August, multiple protests occurred throughout the western region, specifically in Tripoli and in Zawiyya.

On 12 August, head the LNA, Haftar, promoted 448 LNA officers. On 13 August, photographs outside of Khoms Port purportedly showed a Turkish G-class frigate. The same day, Turkey and the GNA signed a MoU outlining enhanced economic cooperation. On 11 August, a security breach in Jalu prompted the formation of a joint-security room.

Over the last week, both the GNA and LNA have continued to build up forces near Sirte and Jufra. On 5 August, the GNA officials met with the Italian Defence Minister, Lorenzo Guerini. On 6 August, Haftar, met with the LNA Operation Room and Military Region Commanders in Benghazi. On 7 August, the TPF released a statement condemning the Muslim Brotherhood. On 8 August, al-Serraj, met with the Audit Bureau, Anti-Corruption Commission and Administrative Control Authority.

Over last week, the head of the LNA, Haftar, toured LNA units. LNA spokesman al-Mismari stated that a ceasefire could be implemented only after Turkey leaves Libya ‘completely’. Over the last week, tensions in Sirte still remained high and clashes broke out in Zawiyya. On 29 July, Libya’s PC said that it had formed a committee to investigate the visit of French writer Bernard-Henri Lévy to Libya. On 28 July, Libyan Ambassador to the UN al-Sunni criticised the ‘selective’ approach of the UN sanctions committee. On 27 July, the Speaker of the HoR, Saleh, met with his Moroccan counterpart and the following day, the head of the HCS, al-Mishri, spoke at a press conference in Rabat and said that the HCS and the Tubruq-based HoR have the potential to reach a political solution.

On 24 July, AFRICOM said it had mounting evidence for heavy weapons delivery from Russia to the Wagner Group in Libya. On 28 July, Head of UNSMIL, Stephanie Williams, announced the start of the international audit of the two branches of the CBL. Both the GNA and LNA forces continued to build up forces around Sirte last week

On 16 July, Egyptian President Sisi met with a delegation of Libyan tribal chiefs; followingly, they authorised Egyptian intervention in Libya. Throughout the week, forces build up and posturing continued on Sirte frontlines. On 15 July, Libyan judicial officials said that the international audit of the Tripoli-based CBL and the parallel eastern-based CBL would begin. The same day, the GNA’s Joint Operations Room issued letters to armed groups in 12 civilian locations around Tripoli, demanding that they evacuate their headquarters within 24 hours.

On 13 July, the HoR said that the Egyptian armed forces have the right to interfere in Libya should they see an imminent threat. On 13 July, Juwaili issued an official decree to create a new joint force to secure the western region. On 11 July, UNSMIL held a virtual meeting with the GNA MoI to discuss SSR and DDR efforts. On 12 July, Serraj met with the GNA military region commanders while LNA forces continued to mobilise to Sirte. On 8 and 9 July, clashes occurred between militias in Janzour that resulted in at least 10 people being killed.

On 5 July, Watiya airbase was attacked, but no one has claimed responsibility. Over the last week, both the GNA and LNA forces have maintained their positions in Sirte, but there has been little active fighting. On 2 July, the GNA MoI Bashaagha announced that the new INTERPOL office in Tripoli had been opened.

On 29 June, the NOC confirmed that there have been ongoing negotiations to resume oil production between the GNA, NOC and regional countries, under the supervision of the UN and the US. The same day, the Deputy Chairman of the Supreme Council of Libyan Sheikhs & Elders announced their demands for ending the oil shutdown. On 29 June, the head of the Libyan Council of Elders called for demonstrations against Turkey’s interference. Over the last week there has been a continued build up by both the GNA and LNA forces west and east of Sirte respectively. Also last week, the head of the LNA, Haftar, had a meeting with the eastern-based parallel government to discuss the monitoring of HR violations by groups in western Libya.

On 21 June, the LNA spokesperson al-Mismari declared a no-fly zone in an area from east of Sirte until the al-Heesa village in the west. On 20 June, Egyptian President al-Sisi warned not to push beyond the current Sirte-Jufra frontlines. The same day, Turkish presidential spokesman, Kalin, stated that the LNA must withdraw from Sirte in order for a ceasefire to be facilitated.

Over the last week, forces aligned to the GNA have reinforced positions to the west of Sirte, while LNA forces have reinforced positions inside Sirte. On 9 June, the LNA restructured its command of operations near Sirte. On 12 June, the GNA Western Military Region Commander, Usama al-Juwaili, expanded his control over large areas of Zintan.

On 3 June, GNA Prime Minister al-Serraj announced the complete liberation of Tripoli. On 5 June, GNA forces entered Tarhouna and Bani Walid. On 6 June, the GNA Sirte-Jufra Operations Room declared Operation “Paths of Victory” to capture Sirte and Jufra. On 9 June, the NOC proclaimed that LNA affiliated forces had entered the Sharara field and interrupted operations.

On 1 June, UNSMIL released a statement welcoming agreement from both the GNA and LNA to resume talks based on the 5 + 5 Joint Military Commission (JMC). On 27 May, the Speaker of the HoR, Saleh, met in al-Qubah with the LNA General Command. On 28 May, the GNA removed the Minister of Economy, al-Issawi.