On 29 May, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 2780 (2025) which extended its authorization for Member States to inspect vessels off Libya’s coast suspected of violating the arms embargo for another six months, with 13 votes in favour and abstentions from China and Russia. This resolution renewed measures set out in Resolution 2733 (2024) allowing states, acting nationally or through regional organizations, to inspect, seize, and dispose of arms violating the embargo, requiring notification to the relevant UN committee.
During the debate, the US affirmed its support for the effective implementation of the UN arms embargo on Libya, aiming to empower Libya to manage its own security. The American representative considered the authority to enforce this embargo and prevent weapons trafficking crucial and welcomed further discussions with Libya on future arrangements. The US also expressed gratitude to the EU Naval Force Operation IRINI for its efforts in monitoring and disrupting illegal activities off the Libyan coast, highlighting its vital role in information sharing, particularly with the Libya Panel of Experts.
France, together with Greece, sponsor of the resolution, emphasized the embargo’s importance for regional stability, noting the presence of militias in Tripoli and the country’s porous borders. Operation IRINI will continue these inspections at the request of Libyan authorities. Several other delegates welcomed the extension.
However Somalia, speaking for other nations, expressed concern about the embargo’s ineffectiveness despite Operation IRINI’s efforts, calling for more transparency and coordination with the Libyan government. Pakistan stressed capacity-building and a balanced approach respecting Libya’s sovereignty.
Russia, abstaining, criticized Operation IRINI’s implementation as unsatisfactory, citing a lack of successful interceptions, high-handed patrol practices, selective reporting, and the misclassification of civilian goods. China, also abstaining, echoed concerns about IRINI’s effectiveness based on reservations from Libya and other stakeholders, urging a reassessment of its mandate and greater consideration of Libyan views. Both nations questioned the concentration of this important task in the hands of one regional actor, given Libya’s dissatisfaction.