On 9 November, 22 leaders of the Volcano of Rage Operation (VoR) – the western-based military umbrella under which many GNA-aligned armed groups fought in the 2019-2020 Tripoli War – issued a statement rejecting the House of Representatives’ (HoR) electoral laws, stressing that they are a violation of the constitutional declaration and Libyan Political Agreement. The signees demanded parliamentary elections take place on 24 December as scheduled and insisted that their rejection of the electoral law does not amount to a rejection of elections themselves. They added that regardless of the results, presidential elections without a constitution represent a ‘dictatorship’ project. The statement concluded by declaring the head of the High National Elections Commission (HNEC), Emad Sayeh, the HoR, as well as their domestic and foreign sponsors, responsible for the ‘dangerous consequences’ which may undermine the progress of Libya’s political roadmap.